Time element

Research, data, use cases, issues, and enhancements related to the HTML5 time element.

impedance match new date time inputs

The time element should be able to represent every granularity of times and dates that the new date time <input> elements allow. Here is a list of all the date time <input> elements along with the corresponding <time> element usage (if applicable)

<input type="date">           - <time>YYYY-MM-DD</time>
<input type="datetime">       - <time>YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS</time>
<input type="month">          - not supported in current time element
<input type="week">           - not supported in current time element
<input type="time">           - <time>HH:MM:SS</time>
<input type="datetime-local"> - <time>HH:MM:SS-ZZ:YY</time>

In particular the <time> element is missing support for the following date inputs:

• input type="month" - this would be satisfied by the Year Month proposal.
• input type="week" - this would be satisfied by the Year Week proposal.

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Tantek
• ...

year only

The time element should accept just a year.

ISO8601 syntax

YYYY

use case research

http://microformats.org/wiki/birthday-examples#year_only

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Faruk (per Bug 7145 - Valid date strings should accept ambiguous inputs, like "2009" or "2007-01") One example is the very common archive view found on most blogs, which contain distinct links or headers for each year, each month per year, and often each date within a chosen or highlighted month. Currently, the <time> element only allows for datetime values as precise as a specific day, e.g. YYYY-MM-DD.
• -1 Hixie - "Without clear use cases, I don't intend to change the spec here." (ibid)
• +1 Tantek (per HTML5 Super Friends Technical Details: time element)
• +1 Andy Mabbett (Per use cases in VCARDDAV & EDTF - see external links)
• +1 Philip Jägenstedt - for marking up release dates on e.g. MusicBrainz where the date is given as YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD.
• ...

year month only

The time element should accept just a year and a month.

ISO8601 syntax

YYYY-MM

use cases

Blog/publishing archive pages - see Benward.me, ablognotlimited.com (need specific links to archive pages), http://www.flickr.com/photos/tantek/archives/

output equivalent of <input type="month">, see impedance match new date time inputs above.

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Faruk (per Bug 7145 - Valid date strings should accept ambiguous inputs, like "2009" or "2007-01") One example is the very common archive view found on most blogs, which contain distinct links or headers for each year, each month per year, and often each date within a chosen or highlighted month. Currently, the <time> element only allows for datetime values as precise as a specific day, e.g. YYYY-MM-DD.
• -1 Hixie - "Without clear use cases, I don't intend to change the spec here." (ibid)
• +1 Tantek I think the blog archives use case (where blogs often link to their archives by a specific month and year) is sufficient to justify adding this capability to the time element. Content hosting sites like Flickr also list archives by specific year/month, e.g. see http://www.flickr.com/photos/tantek/archives/
• +1 Andy Mabbett (Per use cases in VCARDDAV & EDTF - see external links)
• +1 Philip Jägenstedt - for marking up release dates on e.g. MusicBrainz where the date is given as YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD.
• ...

year week only

The time element should accept just a year and a week number.

ISO8601 syntax

YYYY-WNN

use case research

no examples in the wild currently. If anyone knows of any sites which publish references to specific weeks of a year, either by name / expression (e.g. "first week of the year") or by specific number (e.g. "weeks 1-26"), please provide URLs and quotes of example content.

output equivalent of <input type="week">, see impedance match new date time inputs above.

reasoning

to provide the output equivalent of <input type="week">

See impedance match new date time inputs above.

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Tantek per good design of impedance matching date time inputs.
• ...

month day only

The time element should accept just a month and a day.

ISO8601 syntax

--MM-DD

use case research

http://microformats.org/wiki/birthday-examples#month_and_day_only

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Tantek (per HTML5 Super Friends Technical Details: time element)
• +1 "radiz" implied support for --MM-DD with the use case question: "How to use <time> with a date in astrology?" in the article http://html5doctor.com/your-questions-answered-6/
• +1 Andy Mabbett (Per use cases discussed in VCARDDAV & EDTF, e.g. birthdays, wedding anniversaries - see external links)
  • Portable contacts allows this using a "0000" year value.

Calendar

The time element should accept a calendar scale (CALSCALE; default is GREGORIAN) per (and to facilitate interoperability with) the emergent vCard 4 specification, to allow for the the mark-up of non-Gregorian (e.g. Julian) dates, using some as-yet-to-be-formulated CALSCALE type.

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Andy Mabbett (Per use cases in VCARDDAV, EDTF & TEI - see external links)
• …

Fuzzy dates

The time element should accept fuzzy (uncertain, approximate) dates ("summer 1970", "circa December 1963", "flourished 1580") and eras ("Edwardian", "bronze age", "Jurassic")".

Opinions / discussion:

• +1 Andy Mabbett (Per use cases in "Extended Date Time Format" proposals & TEI - see external links)
• +1 Jim O'Donnell (Dates such as 'circa 1910' published on Flickr eg. The RNVR Training Ship 'Buzzard'… also a list of fuzzy dates for a set of photos.)

Specification ambiguities

The specification requires that time be expressed as UTC (or another time zone with a specified offset from UTC). However, the representation of leap seconds is not specified. Further, the algorithms to convert between string and number are flawed, because the number is described as "number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01" but the actual number of milliseconds includes all kinds of strange decisecond offsets during the period 1961-01-01 to 1972-01-01. Also, UTC did not exist before about 1960.

Unix timekeeping has a long history of terrible definitions, and Unix notions of time should be totally rejected and expunged.

Choose different default date

The statement that valueAsDate IDL attribute should return the value 1970-01-01 plus the appropriate time when the time element contains no date creates a problem that there are likely to be time elements that explicitly contain that date.

A better choice would be a value that is highly unlikely to be encountered, and would be implausible as an actual date in most applications, perhaps 9999-12-31.

Tag

Blog posts, Twitter updates etc. may be tagged HTML5time or #HTML5time

External links

Prior discussion

• Dates and coordinates in HTML5 - blog post by Andy Mabbett
  • whatwg mailing list discussion of the above, Feb 2009
  • further whatwg mailing list discussion of the above, Mar 2009
  • Another mailing list thread Mar 2009
  • Spec editor's response to the above threads and further discussion, late Mar 2009
• HTML5 Doctor: The Time Element

Resources

• Extended Date Time Format efforts based at the USA's Library of Congress (Covers unspecific dates; date periods and non-Gregorian dates)
  • EDTF proposals (use-cases)
• vCard Format Specification draft-ietf-vcarddav-vcardrev-11 (latest draft as at July 2010)
  • Section 4.3, date & time
  • Section 5.7, CALSCALE (specifies Gregorian or other (e.g. Julian) calendar)
    • VCARDDAV discussion of CALSCALE
• TEI dates, widely used by archives and libraries to mark up texts, including non-Gregorian ISO8601 & uncertain/ approximate dates
  • TEI dates+times
• ISO 8601 (Wikipedia article)