Equations in HTML

This document is obsolete.

For the current specification, see: HTML Standard: MathML

Here are some ideas for how to include equations in HTML documents.

Candidates

Full MathML:

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
 <mi>x</mi>
 <mo>=</mo>
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>-</mo>
   <mi>b</mi>
   <mo>&PlusMinus;</mo>
   <msqrt>
    <msup>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mn>4</mn>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
    <mi>c</mi>
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2</mn>
   <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo>
   <mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
 <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo>
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&PlusMinus;</mo>
   <msqrt>
    <msup>
     <mi>b</mi> <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo> <mi>c</mi>
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2</mn> <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo> <mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>

MathML with optional end tags:

<math>
 <mi>x <mo>=
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>- <mi>b <mo>&PlusMinus;
   <msqrt>
    <msup> <mi>b <mn>2
    <mo>- <mn>4 <mo>&InvisibleTimes; <mi>a <mo>&InvisibleTimes; <mi>c
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2 <mo>&InvisibleTimes; <mi>a
</math>

Rejected

MathML, but with <mo>, <mi>, and <mn> implied:

<math>
 x =
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   - b &PlusMinus;
   <msqrt>
    <msup> b 2 </msup>
    - 4 &InvisibleTimes; a &InvisibleTimes; c
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   2 &InvisibleTimes; a
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>

LaTeX:

<math>x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}</math>

Research

Only presentational MathML:

• http://mathcast.sourceforge.net/fields.xml
• http://www-math.mit.edu/18.013A/MathML/chapter06/section01.xhtml
• http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/
• http://pear.math.pitt.edu/mathzilla/Examples/markupOftheWeek.mhtml
• http://dlmf.nist.gov/Contents/GA/13/

Content MathML, converted to Presentational MathML using XSLT and/or script:

• http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/point/Sufficient.xhtml