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Equations in HTML

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This document is obsolete.

For the current specification, see: HTML Standard: MathML


Here are some ideas for how to include equations in HTML documents.

Candidates

Full MathML:

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
 <mi>x</mi>
 <mo>=</mo>
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>-</mo>
   <mi>b</mi>
   <mo>±</mo>
   <msqrt>
    <msup>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>-</mo>
    <mn>4</mn>
    <mo>⁢</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mo>⁢</mo>
    <mi>c</mi>
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2</mn>
   <mo>⁢</mo>
   <mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
 <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo>
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>±</mo>
   <msqrt>
    <msup>
     <mi>b</mi> <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>⁢</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>⁢</mo> <mi>c</mi>
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2</mn> <mo>⁢</mo> <mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>

MathML with optional end tags:

<math>
 <mi>x <mo>=
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   <mo>- <mi>b <mo>±
   <msqrt>
    <msup> <mi>b <mn>2
    <mo>- <mn>4 <mo>⁢ <mi>a <mo>⁢ <mi>c
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2 <mo>⁢ <mi>a
</math>

Rejected

MathML, but with <mo>, <mi>, and <mn> implied:

<math>
 x =
 <mfrac>
  <mrow>
   - b ±
   <msqrt>
    <msup> b 2 </msup>
    - 4 ⁢ a ⁢ c
   </msqrt>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
   2 ⁢ a
  </mrow>
 </mfrac>
</math>


LaTeX:

<math>x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}</math>


Research

Only presentational MathML:

Content MathML, converted to Presentational MathML using XSLT and/or script: