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Cite element: Difference between revisions

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Research, data, use cases, issues, and enhancements related to the HTML5 <code>cite</code> element.
Research, data, use cases, issues, and enhancements related to the HTML5 <code>cite</code> element.


== speaker ==
== Speaker ==
 
<ins datetime="2014-11-14">Update 2014-11-14: The HTML spec has been changed to allow use of &lt;cite&gt; to refer to a speaker, and even includes an example of it: http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element</ins>
 
The cite element has been used (and recommended to be used) to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them, thus HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage this use.
The cite element has been used (and recommended to be used) to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them, thus HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage this use.


This section serves to document both uses in the wild, and long-standing recommendations/documentations thereof.
This section serves to document both uses in the wild, and long-standing recommendations/documentations thereof.


=== examples in the wild ===
=== Examples in the Wild ===
* 2003-08-23: <cite>[http://diveintomark.org/archives/2003/08/29/semantics Won’t somebody please think of the gerbils?]</cite> by <cite>[http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim]</cite>: <blockquote>I mark up names of people I link to (like in the list above) with the CITE tag, and I have a script that runs every night that aggregates those tags and creates posts by citation.</blockquote>
* 2003-08-23: <cite>[http://diveintomark.org/archives/2003/08/29/semantics Won’t somebody please think of the gerbils?]</cite> by <cite>[http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim]</cite>: <blockquote>I mark up names of people I link to (like in the list above) with the CITE tag, and I have a script that runs every night that aggregates those tags and creates posts by citation.</blockquote>
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk/transcripts/2008/brian-cant.html transcript of the presentation “What Brian Cant Never Taught You About Metadata”, by Drew McLellen] (this is from a template I provided the transcription company; all others are similar structure. brucel)
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk/transcripts/2008/brian-cant.html transcript of the presentation “What Brian Cant Never Taught You About Metadata”, by Drew McLellen] (this is from a template I provided the transcription company; all others are similar structure. brucel)
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* 2005-05-16: Speakers in this <cite>[http://erikanderica.org/erik/work/lazarus/playtext/ Towneley Lazarus play]</cite> edition are identified using CITE.
* 2005-05-16: Speakers in this <cite>[http://erikanderica.org/erik/work/lazarus/playtext/ Towneley Lazarus play]</cite> edition are identified using CITE.
* [http://igofigure.com/page/testimonials/ Testimonials on the website for Go Figure Inc.] use cite to denote the names/locations of the people who provided the testimonial
* [http://igofigure.com/page/testimonials/ Testimonials on the website for Go Figure Inc.] use cite to denote the names/locations of the people who provided the testimonial
* [http://guineylaw.com/testimonials/ The Law Offices of Thomas G Guiney] uses cite to mark up the names of speakers for testimonial quotes.
* [http://2009.dconstruct.org/podcast/makeitso/ Podcast transcript] from dConstruct 2009 ([http://2009.dconstruct.org/podcast/ more])
* [http://2009.dconstruct.org/podcast/makeitso/ Podcast transcript] from dConstruct 2009 ([http://2009.dconstruct.org/podcast/ more])
* Various "conversations"/transcripts at [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/ Petroglyphs], e.g. [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/2008/04/04/bang/ dialogue], and [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/wp-content/themes/petroglyphs/style.css CSS classes defined for terms, titles, etc.] ([http://peterjanes.ca/2005/citations/# XMDP])
* Various "conversations"/transcripts at [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/ Petroglyphs], e.g. [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/2008/04/04/bang/ dialogue], and [http://peterjanes.ca/blog/wp-content/themes/petroglyphs/style.css CSS classes defined for terms, titles, etc.] ([http://peterjanes.ca/2005/citations/# XMDP])
* any article at Einfach für Alle (major german accessibility resource), e.g. [http://www.einfach-fuer-alle.de/artikel/ueberschriften-strukturen-in-html/] (see sidebar, 4th box from top labelled "mehr dazu:") uses cite to mark up authors' names
* any article at Einfach für Alle (major german accessibility resource), e.g. [http://www.einfach-fuer-alle.de/artikel/ueberschriften-strukturen-in-html/] (see sidebar, 4th box from top labelled "mehr dazu:") uses cite to mark up authors' names
* any articles on [http://www.la-grange.net/ La Grange] with a quote from a book or poem, and in addition any kind of references to a blog post. cite class="auteur" and cite class="title" for author and title respectively.
* 2011-06-07: Wikipedia marks the autor inside a blockquote with the cite-Element: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Quotation en Wikipedia] ([http://toolserver.org/~jarry/templatecount/index.php?lang=en&name=Template%3AQuotation#bottom 12379 uses]), [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Zitate#Blockzitate de Wikipedia] ([http://toolserver.org/~jarry/templatecount/index.php?lang=de&name=Zitat#bottom 24922 uses])


=== documentation ===
=== Documentation ===
* 1998-04-24 <cite>[http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/struct/text.html#h-9.2.1 HTML 4.0 REC]</cite> <blockquote>Contains a citation or a reference to other sources.</blockquote><blockquote><p>As &lt;CITE&gt;Harry S. Truman&lt;/CITE&gt; said,<br>&lt;Q lang="en-us"&gt;The buck stops here.&lt;/Q&gt;</p><p>More information can be found in &lt;CITE&gt;[ISO-0000]&lt;/CITE&gt;.</p></blockquote>
* 1998-04-24 <cite>[http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/struct/text.html#h-9.2.1 HTML 4.0 REC]</cite> <blockquote>Contains a citation or a reference to other sources.</blockquote><blockquote><p>As &lt;CITE&gt;Harry S. Truman&lt;/CITE&gt; said,<br>&lt;Q lang="en-us"&gt;The buck stops here.&lt;/Q&gt;</p><p>More information can be found in &lt;CITE&gt;[ISO-0000]&lt;/CITE&gt;.</p></blockquote>
* 1999-12-24 <cite>[http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE HTML 4.01 REC]</cite> (same definition and examples as quoted above).
* 1999-12-24 <cite>[http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE HTML 4.01 REC]</cite> (same definition and examples as quoted above).
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* ...
* ...


=== opinions ===
=== Counter-arguments ===
==== original intent of cite element ====
* 2007-06-07 <cite>Dan Connolly</cite>, Editor of HTML 2.0, said in IRC that <blockquote cite="http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/html-wg/20070607#l-797">&lt;cite&gt; was supposed to capture the chicago-manual-of-style idiom for titles of works. I have lost track of what it means these days.</blockquote>
** This may have been the original intent (original theoretical purity), however, based on the example in the HTML4 spec(s) and adoption by the web community over the past 10+ years (see above examples in the wild), it makes more sense to define the &lt;cite&gt; element per actual usage (preferring authors), rather than original intent (theoretical purity), per the [http://www.w3.org/TR/html-design-principles/#priority-of-constituencies priority of constituencies HTML design principle]. - [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 22:18, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
 
* "DanC said allowing <nowiki><cite></nowiki> for speakers was a bug in HTML 4 that happened because he was asleep at the wheel."
** Regardless of what DanC as a <em>specifier</em> may have intended, the authors have widely adopted the usage of cite for speakers, and thus since authors are considered over specifiers (per above-referenced design principle), we should prefer author usage over original specifier intent.
 
==== speakers are not italicized typically ====
* "Since speakers aren't italicized typically, using <nowiki><cite></nowiki> for them doesn't really make sense. "
** This sounds like either an argument from presentation, which seems backwards, as semantics should be determined first, and then authors can style semantics however they wish, or it's an argument from default presentation implementation, in which case once again per [http://www.w3.org/TR/html-design-principles/#priority-of-constituencies priority of constituencies HTML design principle], since authors are considered over implementers, we should respect author usage of cite for speakers over any particular implementer opinion of what cite should do or look like.
***The Design Principles don't support the notion of determining semantics first. In fact, the Design Principles were carefully drafted not to treat semantics as having any value on their own right but only as a means to a useful end (such as Device Independence or Accessibility). As for considering authors over implementors or specifiers, we should consider whether an author who hasn't been exposed to advocacy that tries to rationalize the feature set of HTML4 would find a need to mark up speakers in a way that italicizes by default and required additional work to un-italicize as opposed to not marking up speakers at all all using the <code>b</code> element to bold speakers where required by a newspaper-like house style. That is, what authors do after having been exposed to advocacy is bad evidence for determining the needs the authors would have on their own initiative.
 
=== Opinions ===
Opinions on whether HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage use of the cite element to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them:
Opinions on whether HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage use of the cite element to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them:
<div class="discussion">
<div class="discussion">
* +1 [http://www.zeldman.com/superfriends/ HTML5 Super Friends], specifically [http://www.zeldman.com/superfriends/guide/#cite cite element: review of data].
* +1 [http://www.zeldman.com/superfriends/ HTML5 Super Friends], specifically [http://www.zeldman.com/superfriends/guide/#cite cite element: review of data].
* +1 [[Tantek]]
* +1 [[User:Tantek|Tantek]]
* +1 [[User:Adactio|Jeremy Keith]]
* +1 [[User:Adactio|Jeremy Keith]]
* Bruce Lawson, article agreeing with Tantek, July 06 [http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2006/breaking-news-w3c-specs-are-not-word-of-god/ Breaking news: w3c specs are not the Word of God]
* +1 [[User:Brucel|Bruce Lawson]], article agreeing with Tantek, July 06 [http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2006/breaking-news-w3c-specs-are-not-word-of-god/ Breaking news: w3c specs are not the Word of God]
* +1 [http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/User:Cssquirrel Kyle Weems]
* +1 [[User:Cssquirrel|Kyle Weems]]
* +1 [http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/User:Erikvorhes Erik Vorhes]
* +1 [[User:Erikvorhes|Erik Vorhes]]
* +1 [http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Themattharris Matt Harris]
* +1 [[User:Themattharris|Matt Harris]]
* -0 [[User:EdwardOConnor|EdwardOConnor]]
* -0 [[User:EdwardOConnor|EdwardOConnor]]
* +1 [[User:Xanthir|Tab Atkins Jr.]]
* +1 [[User:Xanthir|Tab Atkins Jr.]]
* +1 [http://www.rachaelmoore.name/web-design/html-web-design/citing-in-html5-cite-attribute-and-cite-tag/ Citing in HTML5] by Rachel Moore
* +1 [http://www.rachaelmoore.name/web-design/html-web-design/citing-in-html5-cite-attribute-and-cite-tag/ Citing in HTML5] by Rachael L. Moore
* +1 [[User:Tcaspers|Tomas Caspers]]
* +1 [[User:Tcaspers|Tomas Caspers]]
* +1 [[NickFitz]]
* +1 [[User:NickFitz|NickFitz]]
* +1 [[User:Asbjornu|Asbjørn Ulsberg]]
* +1 [http://statichtml.com/2009/html5-cite-element.html HTML5's &lt;cite&gt; element: what is it good for?] by Steve Webster
* +1 [[User:Urlyman|Jonathan Schofield]]
* +1 [[User:Dalizard|Dimitar Haralanov]]
* +1 [[User:Pigsonthewing|Andy Mabbett]]
* +1 [[User:Tjameswhite|Tim White]]
* +1 [[User:Tswicegood|Travis Swicegood]]
* -1 [[User:Hsivonen|Henri Sivonen]]
* +1 [[User:KevinMarks|Kevin Marks]]
* +1 [[User:Stefsull|Stephanie (Sullivan) Rewis]]
* +1 [[User:Kroc|Kroc Camen]]—See my [http://camendesign.com/abbr_redux article on abbr/dfn/cite usage]—Cite is “for giving credit”
* +1 [[User:Suit|Suit]] because examples on various sites get this wrong (see [http://www.quackit.com/html_5/tags/html_cite_tag.cfm] for example) - its just confusing.
</div>
</div>


== related ==
=== articles on speaker cite ===
* [[FAQ#The_.3Ccite.3E_element_should_allow_names_of_people_to_be_marked_up|WHATWG FAQ re cite and names of people]]
Articles supporting the use of the cite element for marking up speakers:
* <cite>[http://24ways.org/2009/incite-a-riot 24 Ways: Incite A Riot]</cite>, 2009-12-11, by Jeremy Keith
 
=== speaker cite FAQ ===
Frequently Asked Questions about using the cite element for marking up speakers.
 
==== how do you connect the speaker cite to what was said ====
'''Question:''' How could we connect the speaker, CITE to what was said, Q, without nesting? Perhaps using FOR, as in form labels:<pre><nowiki><cite for="good">Andy Mabbett</cite> said <q id="good">This is good</q>.</nowiki></pre>On the other hand, if we reverse that we could have a many-to-one relationship:<pre><nowiki><cite id="andy">Andy Mabbett</cite> said <q for="andy">This is good</q></nowiki> and later said <q for="andy">This is better</q>.</nowiki></pre>
 
'''Answer:''' The existing [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#adef-cite-Q 'cite' attribute] on the &lt;q&gt; and &lt;blockquote&gt; elements can be used for this, in HTML4 and later:
 
<pre style="background:#efe"><nowiki>
<cite id="andy">Andy Mabbett</cite> said
<q cite="#andy">This is good</q>
and later said
<q cite="#andy">This is better</q>.
</nowiki></pre>
 
=== speaker cite related ===
* [https://github.com/whatwg/html/blob/master/FAQ.md#the-cite-element-should-allow-names-of-people-to-be-marked-up HTML FAQ re cite and names of people]


== references ==
== references ==
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE HTML 4.01 definition of the CITE element]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE HTML 4.01 definition of the CITE element]
[[Category:Proposals]]

Latest revision as of 13:32, 11 August 2017

Research, data, use cases, issues, and enhancements related to the HTML5 cite element.

Speaker

Update 2014-11-14: The HTML spec has been changed to allow use of <cite> to refer to a speaker, and even includes an example of it: http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element

The cite element has been used (and recommended to be used) to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them, thus HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage this use.

This section serves to document both uses in the wild, and long-standing recommendations/documentations thereof.

Examples in the Wild

Documentation

Counter-arguments

original intent of cite element

  • 2007-06-07 Dan Connolly, Editor of HTML 2.0, said in IRC that

    <cite> was supposed to capture the chicago-manual-of-style idiom for titles of works. I have lost track of what it means these days.

    • This may have been the original intent (original theoretical purity), however, based on the example in the HTML4 spec(s) and adoption by the web community over the past 10+ years (see above examples in the wild), it makes more sense to define the <cite> element per actual usage (preferring authors), rather than original intent (theoretical purity), per the priority of constituencies HTML design principle. - Tantek 22:18, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
  • "DanC said allowing <cite> for speakers was a bug in HTML 4 that happened because he was asleep at the wheel."
    • Regardless of what DanC as a specifier may have intended, the authors have widely adopted the usage of cite for speakers, and thus since authors are considered over specifiers (per above-referenced design principle), we should prefer author usage over original specifier intent.

speakers are not italicized typically

  • "Since speakers aren't italicized typically, using <cite> for them doesn't really make sense. "
    • This sounds like either an argument from presentation, which seems backwards, as semantics should be determined first, and then authors can style semantics however they wish, or it's an argument from default presentation implementation, in which case once again per priority of constituencies HTML design principle, since authors are considered over implementers, we should respect author usage of cite for speakers over any particular implementer opinion of what cite should do or look like.
      • The Design Principles don't support the notion of determining semantics first. In fact, the Design Principles were carefully drafted not to treat semantics as having any value on their own right but only as a means to a useful end (such as Device Independence or Accessibility). As for considering authors over implementors or specifiers, we should consider whether an author who hasn't been exposed to advocacy that tries to rationalize the feature set of HTML4 would find a need to mark up speakers in a way that italicizes by default and required additional work to un-italicize as opposed to not marking up speakers at all all using the b element to bold speakers where required by a newspaper-like house style. That is, what authors do after having been exposed to advocacy is bad evidence for determining the needs the authors would have on their own initiative.

Opinions

Opinions on whether HTML5 should explicitly permit and encourage use of the cite element to refer to speakers in a conversation, or individuals when quoting them:

articles on speaker cite

Articles supporting the use of the cite element for marking up speakers:

speaker cite FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions about using the cite element for marking up speakers.

how do you connect the speaker cite to what was said

Question: How could we connect the speaker, CITE to what was said, Q, without nesting? Perhaps using FOR, as in form labels:

<cite for="good">Andy Mabbett</cite> said <q id="good">This is good</q>.

On the other hand, if we reverse that we could have a many-to-one relationship:

<cite id="andy">Andy Mabbett</cite> said <q for="andy">This is good</q> and later said <q for="andy">This is better</q>.</nowiki>

Answer: The existing 'cite' attribute on the <q> and <blockquote> elements can be used for this, in HTML4 and later:

<cite id="andy">Andy Mabbett</cite> said 
<q cite="#andy">This is good</q>
 and later said 
<q cite="#andy">This is better</q>.

speaker cite related

references